How Liberia's Criminal Justice System Is Structured
A plain-language overview of criminal law, prosecution, courts and the difference between offences, criminal procedure and constitutional safeguards.
Criminal law and criminal procedure are different
Criminal law defines offences and penalties. Criminal procedure governs how allegations are investigated, charged, tried and reviewed. Constitutional safeguards apply throughout the justice process.
Institutions in the system
The Ministry of Justice has responsibility for enforcement and prosecution functions assigned by law. The Judiciary decides cases brought before the courts. Liberia's court system includes Magistrate Courts, Circuit Courts and specialised criminal courts.
From allegation to court process
A criminal matter may involve investigation, arrest or summons, charging, court appearances, trial and, where applicable, sentencing or appeal. The exact procedure depends on the offence, court and circumstances.
Constitutional protections
The Constitution protects due process and contains specific safeguards for people accused of crime. These include the presumption of innocence, the right to be informed of charges, the right to remain silent, the right to counsel and protections concerning evidence and double jeopardy.
Legal representation
The Judiciary operates a Public Defense Program for indigent accused persons. A person facing a criminal case should not rely on a general web guide to make decisions about plea, bail, evidence, trial strategy or appeal.
If you are arrested, detained or charged, seek qualified legal assistance promptly.